Myocardial tissue characterisation using echocardiographic deformation imaging

Table 2 Summary of findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis

Pathological Condition		Segmental STE Parameter
Pathological Condition		SRS	SRE
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
	Myocyte hypertrophy	↓^a	↓
	Myocyte disarray	↓	↓
	Small intramural coronary arteriole dysplasia	↓	↓
	Interstitial fibrosis	↓	↓
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
	Myocyte diameter	↓	↓↓
	Interstitial fibrosis	NS	NS
Gene expression	Transforming growth factor ß-1	NS	NS
	Collagen type I, Collagen type III	NS	↓
	Titin isoform N2B	NA	↓
	Titin isoforms N2BA	NA	↓ b
	SERCA2a	↓	↓
	Phospholamban	NS	NS
	Phosphorylated Smad2/3	NS	↓
Protein expression	SERCA2a	↓	↓
	Phosphorylated PLB	↓	↓
	Phosphorylated Smad2/3	NS	NS
Aortic Stenosis
	Interstitial fibrosis	↓	↓
	Tissue miRNA-21 levels	NS	NS

a) Negative correlation between the absolute value of the deformation and the variable; the higher the value of the variable, the lower the deformation.
b) Positive correlation between the absolute value of the deformation and the variable; the higher the value of the variable, the higher the deformation.
Abbreviations: NA, not assessed or data not provided; NS, not statistically significant; SR_S, systolic strain rate; SR_E, early diastolic strain rate; STE, speckle tracking echocardiography; SERCA2a, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase