Overall | RWTPWb | RWTIVS + PWb | RWTIVSb | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | P value | Low | High | P value | Low | High | P value | ||
n = 385 | n = 193 | n = 192 | n = 193 | n = 192 | n = 193 | n = 192 | ||||
Age, y | 81 [70, 88] | 80 [68, 87] | 83 [73, 89] | 0.021 | 80 [69, 87] | 83 [73, 89] | 0.067 | 80 [69, 87] | 83 [73, 88] | 0.082 |
Mele, n (%) | 181/385 (47) | 104/193 (54) | 77/192 (40) | 0.008 | 99/193 (51) | 82/192 (43) | 0.1 | 98/193 (51) | 83/192 (43) | 0.15 |
Height, cm | 154 ± 10 | 156 ± 9.7 | 153 ± 9.9 | 0.002 | 155 ± 10 | 153 ± 10 | 0.048 | 155 ± 10 | 153 ± 10 | 0.15 |
Body weight., kg | 60 ± 16 | 60 ± 15 | 60 ± 17 | 0.95 | 61 ± 15 | 59 ± 17 | 0.45 | 60 ± 16 | 59 ± 16 | 0.59 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 4.6 | 22.6 ± 4.5 | 23.0 ± 4.8 | 0.42 | 22.8 ± 4.6 | 22.8 ± 4.7 | 0.99 | 22.9 ± 4.7 | 22.8 ± 4.6 | 0.87 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.51 ± 0.22 | 1.53 ± 0.22 | 1.49 ± 0.23 | 0.11 | 1.53 ± 0.22 | 1.50 ± 0.23 | 0.2 | 1.52 ± 0.22 | 1.50 ± 0.22 | 0.3 |
Get With The Guideline score | 38 ± 7 | 38 ± 6 | 38 ± 8 | 0.99 | 38 ± 7 | 38 ± 8 | 0.55 | 38 ± 7 | 38 ± 8 | 0.86 |
Hospital stay, days | 13 [8, 20] | 13 [8, 21] | 12 [8, 19] | 0.55 | 13 [8, 21] | 12 [8, 19] | 0.35 | 13 [8, 20] | 12 [8, 19] | 0.76 |
Past medical history, n (%) | ||||||||||
Hypertension | 187/385 (49) | 92/193 (48) | 95/192 (50) | 0.76 | 92/193 (48) | 95/192 (50) | 0.76 | 93/193 (48) | 94/192 (49) | 0.92 |
Diabetes mellitus | 132/385 (34) | 68/193 (35) | 64/192 (33) | 0.75 | 75/193 (39) | 57/192 (30) | 0.068 | 80/193 (42) | 52/192 (27) | 0.004 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 18/385 (4.7) | 7/193 (3.6) | 11/192 (5.7) | 0.35 | 7/193 (3.6) | 11/192 (5.7) | 0.35 | 8/193 (4.1) | 10/192 (5.2) | 0.64 |
Old myocardial infarction | 62/385 (16) | 37/193 (19) | 25/192 (13) | 0.13 | 35/193 (18) | 27/192 (14) | 0.33 | 34/193 (18) | 28/192 (15) | 0.49 |
Echocardiographic parameters | ||||||||||
RWTPWa | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.44 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 |
RWTIVS + PWa | 0.37 ± 0.13 | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
RWTIVSa | 0.38 ± 0.14 | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | < 0.001 | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | < 0.001 | 0.28 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 |
IVSth, mm | 9.4 ± 2.4 | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 10.4 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 | 8.1 ± 1.8 | 10.7 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 | 7.9 ± 1.5 | 11.0 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
PWth, mm | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 10.3 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 10 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 9.8 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
LVDd, mm | 52 ± 9.7 | 57.1 ± 8.8 | 46.8 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 | 57.7 ± 8.2 | 46.2 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 | 57 ± 8.8 | 46.8 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 |
LVEF, (%) | 47 ± 17 | 41 ± 16 | 51 ± 16 | < 0.001 | 39 ± 16 | 52 ± 16 | < 0.001 | 40 ± 16 | 51 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%), n (%) | 157/383 (41) | 56/193 (29) | 101/190 (53) | < 0.001 | 47/193 (24) | 110/190 (58) | < 0.001 | 50/193 (26) | 107/190 (56) | < 0.001 |
LVM, g | 168 [131, 211] | 173 [135, 211] | 164 [132, 208] | 0.51 | 174 [138, 211] | 164 [123, 208] | 0.18 | 170 [135, 207] | 166 [130, 212] | 0.9 |
LVEDV, mL | 130 [92, 167] | 160 [130, 194] | 102 [79, 126] | < 0.001 | 160 [130, 194] | 97 [74, 124] | < 0.001 | 160 [124, 194] | 102 [79, 130] | < 0.001 |
LVM/LVEDV | 1.43 ± 0.56 | 1.10 ± 0.23 | 1.75 ± 0.61 | < 0.001 | 1.08 ± 0.20 | 1.77 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 | 1.09 ± 0.21 | 1.76 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
E wave, cm/sec | 97 ± 29 | 97 ± 30 | 97 ± 28 | 0.94 | 95 ± 28 | 99 ± 29 | 0.37 | 98 ± 30 | 96 ± 28 | 0.58 |
A wave, cm/sec | 76 ± 32 | 70 ± 29 | 82 ± 34 | 0.011 | 73 ± 29 | 79 ± 34 | 0.13 | 74 ± 30 | 77 ± 33 | 0.57 |
E/A | 1.21 [0.84, 1.83] | 1.29 [0.89, 2.04] | 1.15 [0.82, 1.68] | 0.18 | 1.21 [0.84, 1.84] | 1.21 [0.86, 1.81] | 0.81 | 1.22 [0.84, 1.83] | 1.17 [0.85, 1.83] | 0.6 |
Deceleration time, ms | 150 [123, 195] | 150 [121, 196] | 150 [128, 192] | 0.49 | 149 [119, 185] | 150 [129, 200] | 0.043 | 147 [118, 181] | 152 [129, 201] | 0.013 |
Aortic valve stenosis, n (%) | 29/385 (7.5) | 7/193 (3.6) | 22/192 (12) | 0.004 | 8/193 (4.1) | 21/192 (11) | 0.012 | 8/193 (4.1) | 21/192 (11) | 0.012 |
Aortic valve regurgitation, n (%) | 24/385 (6.2) | 14/193 (7.3) | 10/192 (5.2) | 0.53 | 14/193 (7.3) | 10/192 (5.2) | 0.53 | 11/193 (5.7) | 13/192 (6.8) | 0.68 |
Mitral valve regurgitation, n (%) | 59/385 (15) | 39/193 (20) | 20/192 (10) | 0.01 | 40/193 (21) | 19/192 (9.9) | 0.004 | 41/193 (21) | 18/192 (9.4) | 0.002 |
Laboratory data | ||||||||||
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 24 [17, 35] | 24 [17, 34] | 24 [17, 36] | 0.77 | 24 [17, 35] | 24 [17, 35] | 0.67 | 24 [17, 36] | 23 [17, 35] | 0.76 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.14 [0.81, 1.52] | 1.15 [0.83, 1.54] | 1.09 [0.79, 1.51] | 0.31 | 1.18 [0.83, 1.56] | 1.09 [0.79, 1.50] | 0.22 | 1.17 [0.83, 1.55] | 1.07 [0.79, 1.50] | 0.19 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.0 ± 2.4 | 12.0 ± 2.4 | 11.9 ± 2.4 | 0.84 | 11.9 ± 2.4 | 12.0 ± 2.4 | 0.78 | 11.9 ± 2.5 | 12 ± 2.3 | 0.68 |
Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 666 [427, 1266] | 737 [449, 1376] | 638 [403, 1155] | 0.056 | 765 [472, 1376] | 636 [401, 1092] | 0.026 | 683 [437, 1349] | 645 [413, 1190] | 0.28 |
Medication, n (%) | ||||||||||
ACE-I and/or ARB | 124/285 (32) | 71/193 (37) | 53/192 (28) | 0.069 | 67/193 (35) | 57/192 (30) | 0.34 | 66/193 (34) | 58/192 (30) | 0.47 |
Beta blocker | 153/385 (40) | 78/193 (40) | 75/192 (39) | 0.069 | 75/193 (39) | 78/192 (41) | 0.8 | 74/193 (38) | 79/192 (41) | 0.65 |
Hemodynamic data | ||||||||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 132 ± 26 | 128 ± 24 | 135 ± 29 | 0.006 | 131 ± 24 | 133 ± 29 | 0.35 | 130 ± 24 | 134 ± 29 | 0.13 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78 ± 21 | 75 ± 19 | 73 ± 17 | 0.009 | 74 ± 18 | 77 ± 21 | 0.17 | 74 ± 18 | 77 ± 21 | 0.1 |
Heart rate, bpm | 84 ± 21 | 83 ± 21 | 84 ± 21 | 0.81 | 83 ± 19 | 84 ± 22 | 0.64 | 83 ± 19 | 83 ± 22 | 0.78 |