Coexistence of aortic valve stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis: echocardiographic and clinical significance

Table 2 Characteristics of patients with CA and AS

Patient’s number, age (years) and sex	Type of CA	LV wall thickness (septum/posterior wall, mm) measured with echo, left ventricular ejection fraction (%), stroke volume index (ml/m2)	Presence of typical LGE in CMR or semiquantitative score > 1 at PYP isotope scan in TTR amyloid	Cardiac biopsy positive for amyloid	Apical sparing at strain analysis. (Average apical LS/(average basal LS + mid-LS))	AVA/BSA (cm2/m2), and mean aortic valve gradient at rest, measured by TTE echo	AVA/BSA (cm2/m2) and aortic valve gradient during dobutamine stress echo	Final diagnosis of the type of AS
1, 66, male	AL	17/16, 48, 20	yes	DNP	yes 0.75	0.45/BSA, 13	0.45/BSA, 22	True-severe AS
2, 68, female	AL	13/13, 60, 40	DNP	DNP	yes 0.77	0.65/14	DNP	Moderate AS
3, 89, male	wtTTR	20/20, 51, 22	yes	DNP	yes 0.81	0.54, 12	0.76, 19	Pseudo-severe AS
4, 69, female	AL	20/15, 61, 31	DNP	yes	yes 0.77	0.63, 22	DNP	Moderate AS
5, 83, female	AL	12/12, 59, 38	yes	DNP	yes 0.77	0.58, 19	0.86, 25	Pseudo-severe AS

AVA aortic valve area, LS longitudinal strain, TTE transthoracic echocardiography, NA not applicable, DNP did not performed. CA cardiac amyloidosis, AS aortic stenosis, PYP pyrophosphate, TTR transthyretin

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