Fig. 3

3D strain analysis using TomTec software in a healthy subject. Left ventricular endocardial border determination on the apical 4-, 2-, and long-axis views at end-diastole (a) and end-systole (b). Manual epicardial border determination resulting in LV mass analysis (c). Green lines indicate the endocardial border, and blue lines indicate the epicardial border. The software performed 3D speckle tracking analysis on the endocardial border, generating an LV volume curve, from which LV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were calculated (d). The software also provided 3D regional and global longitudinal strain curves, a circumferential strain curve, a radial strain curve, and a 3D principal strain curve. Corresponding bull’s eye maps were also provided (e). ED(S)Vi, left ventricular end-diastolic (end-systolic) volume index; G3DS, global principal strain. Other abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 2