From: Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast occurring in patients with low CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores
Parameters | CHADS2 group (n = 349) | CHA2DS2-VASc group (n = 221) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 65 ± 10 | 62 ± 11 | 0.012 |
Female, n (%) | 93 (27) | 39 (18) | 0.005 |
Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 249 (71) | 169 (76) | 0.18 |
CHADS2 score | 0.64 ± 0.48 | 0.47 ± 0.50 | < 0.001 |
0 | 124 (36) | 118 (53) | |
1 | 225 (64) | 103 (47) | < 0.001 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.27 ± 0.86 | 0.71 ± 0.45 | < 0.001 |
0 | 63 (18) | 63 (29) | |
1 | 158 (45) | 158 (71) | |
2 | 99 (28) | 0 (0) | |
3 | 28 (8) | 0 (0) | |
4 | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
HAS-BLED score | 0.44 ± 0.66 | 0.35 ± 0.59 | 0.11 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 56 (16) | 28 (13) | 0.26 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 131 (38) | 66 (30) | 0.059 |
Age 65–75, n (%) | 135 (39) | 47 (21) | < 0.001 |
Age ≥ 75 years, n (%) | 20 (6) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 15 (4) | 6 (3) | 0.32 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 64 (18) | 41 (19) | 0.95 |
Stroke/TIA, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
Vascular disease, n (%) | 9 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 68 ± 16 | 69 ± 15 | 0.55 |
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 88 (25) | 53 (24) | 0.51 |
BNP (pg/mL) | 93 ± 257 | 80 ± 201 | 0.53 |
BNP ≥200 pg/mL, n (%) | 30 (9) | 17 (8) | 0.70 |
Anticoagulation, n (%) | 338 (97) | 215 (97) | |
Warfarin, n (%) | 96 (28) | 67 (30) | |
DOACs, n (%) | 242 (69) | 148 (67) | 0.93 |
Echocardiography | |||
LA diameter (mm) | 42 ± 7 | 41 ± 7 | 0.22 |
LA diameter ≥ 50 mm, n (%) | 46 (13) | 22 (10) | 0.24 |
LV end-diastolic dimension (mm) | 48 ± 6 | 48 ± 6 | 0.81 |
LV end-systolic dimension (mm) | 31 ± 7 | 31 ± 6 | 0.99 |
LVEF (%) | 62 ± 8 | 62 ± 7 | 0.64 |
LVEF< 50%, n (%) | 18 (5) | 10 (5) | 0.73 |
Thickness of IVS (mm) | 9 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | 0.89 |
Thickness of LV posterior wall (mm) | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 0.85 |
LV mass (g) | 159 ± 46 | 160 ± 48 | 0.89 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 93 ± 24 | 92 ± 25 | 0.80 |
LV hypertrophy, n (%) | 86 (25) | 47 (21) | 0.35 |
More-than-mild MR, n (%) | 17 (5) | 9 (4) | 0.88 |
LAA velocity (cm/s) | 58 ± 28 | 61 ± 28 | 0.26 |
LAA velocity < 20 cm/s, n (%) | 18 (5) | 9 (4) | 0.55 |
LASEC, n (%) | 77 (22) | 41 (19) | 0.31 |
LA thrombus, n (%) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.32 |