Mechanistic validation of the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Table 2 Patient characteristics

	Diastolic dysfunction grade 1	Diastolic dysfunction grade 2 or 3	p-value
	(n = 30)	(n = 20)	p-value
Age, years	62 ± 15	68 ± 14	0.15
Females, n (%)	11 (37)	8 (40)	0.81
Hypertension, n (%)	19 (63)	19 (95)	0.01
Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)	12 (40)	14 (70)	0.04
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy, n (%)	20 (67)	11 (55)	0.41
Chronic Kidney Disease^a, n (%)	5 (17)	5 (25)	0.47
Heart rate, beats/min	73 [63, 75]	74 [62, 85]	0.33
LVEF, %	40 [35, 45]	35 [29, 41]	0.04
LAVI, ml/m2	25.2 ± 5.9	39.3 ± 5.9	< 0.001
LVMI, g/m2	114 ± 30	137 ± 40	0.03
LVEDD, mm	53 [46, 58]	57 [52, 60]	0.06
E, cm/s	65 [54, 74]	106 [95, 128]	< 0.001
A, cm/s	77 [63, 89]	63 [43, 3]	0.07
E/A ratio	0.88 [0.66, 1.05]	2.00 [1.50, 2.80]	< 0.001
DT, ms	206 ± 49	161 ± 50	0.003
e’ lateral, cm/s	7.3 ± 2.5	6.4 ± 2.0	0.16
E/e’ lateral ratio	9.8 [7.0, 11.8]	18.1 [14.0, 19.5]	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LAVI left atrial volume index, LVMI left ventricular mass index, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, DT deceleration time. ^adenotes at least moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage (3A or higher) as defined by the National Kidney Foundation

ISSN: 1476-7120