Table 1 Baseline clinical, analytical and demographic characteristics, global and stratified by left atrial emptying fraction
Variable | All patients (n = 408) | LAEF < 37% (n = 116) | LAEF 37–53% (n = 139) | LAEF ≥ 54% (n = 153) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male gender, n (%) | 221 (53.5) | 51 (44.0) | 74 (53.2) | 94 (61.4) | 0.017 |
Age, years | 74.4 ± 10.3 | 78.7 ± 9.8 | 75.2 ± 8.4 | 70.3 ± 1079 | < 0.001 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.78 ± 0.18 | 1.73 ± 0.17 | 1.77 ± 0.19 | 1.83 ± 0.17 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 308 (76.6) | 83 (74.1) | 100 (73.0) | 121 (81.8) | 0.167 |
AF during follow-up, n (%) | 62 (15.3) | 35 (30.7) | 17 (12.3) | 7 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 136 (45.8) | 35 (59.3) | 45 (41.7) | 55 (42.6) | 0.061 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 268 (66.8) | 58 (51.8) | 95 (69.9) | 112 (75.7) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 126 (31.3) | 38 (33.9) | 44 (32.1) | 43 (29.1) | 0.690 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 168 (41.5) | 63 (54.3) | 65 (46.8) | 39 (26.4) | < 0.001 |
Stage 5 CKD, n (%) | 15 (3.8) | 5 (4.3) | 5 (3.6) | 5 (3.5) | 0.929 |
Terminal neoplasia, n (%) | 6 (1.5) | 2 (1.8) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0.583 |
Hepatic cirrhosis, n (%) | 7 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.6) | 2 (1.4) | 0.087 |
Previous malignancy, n (%) | 63 (15.7) | 19 (17.0) | 26 (19.0) | 18 (12.2) | 0.270 |
Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 36 (9.0) | 14 (12.5) | 13 (9.5) | 9 (6.1) | 0.199 |
Previous stroke/TIA, n (%) | 41 (10.2) | 14 (12.5) | 9 (6.6) | 18 (12.2) | 0.202 |
Katz index ≤4*, n (%) | 64 (15.9) | 32 (28.3) | 17 (12.4) | 13 (8.8) | < 0.001 |
Dementia, n (%) | 22 (5.5) | 10 (8.8) | 6 (4.4) | 5 (3.4) | 0.129 |
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m12 | 66 ± 28 | 57 ± 26 | 65 ± 28 | 76 ± 27 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131 ± 19 | 129 ± 22 | 128 ± 16 | 137 ± 19 | 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69 ± 14 | 68 ± 16 | 68 ± 14 | 72 ± 13 | 0.083 |
Heart rate, beats per minute | 75 ± 15 | 78 ± 17 | 75 ± 14 | 74 ± 14 | 0.149 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 139 ± 3.0 | 138 ± 3.9 | 139 ± 2.7 | 140 ± 2.3 | 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.25 ± 1.07 | 1.36 ± 1.01 | 1.30 ± 1.2 | 1.11 ± 0.96 | 0.123 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.7 ± 3.2 | 11.9 ± 1.7 | 12.9 ± 4.9 | 13.1 ± 1.7 | 0.006 |
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L | 26 ± 16 | 27 ± 11 | 28 ± 21 | 24.1 ± 13 | 0.106 |
Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L | 25 ± 22 | 27 ± 24 | 23 ± 17 | 25 ± 21 | 0.276 |
Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 83 ± 50 | 93 ± 41 | 79 ± 28 | 80 ± 68 | 0.077 |
Gamma-glutamyltransferase, IU/L | 44 ± 62 | 55 ± 77 | 38 ± 47 | 41 ± 60 | 0.107 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.9 ± 3.3 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 5.3 | 0.344 |
International normalized ratio | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
Antiplatelet, n (%) | 177 (49.6) | 57 (54.8) | 57 (46.3) | 63 (48.5) | 0.424 |
Statin, n (%) | 238 (66.7) | 64 (61.5) | 84 (68.3) | 90 (69.2) | 0.414 |
ACEi or ARB, n (%) | 228 (63.7) | 69 (65.7) | 70 (56.9) | 89 (68.5) | 0.142 |
Calcium-channel blocker, n (%) | 75 (21.0) | 18 (17.3) | 23 (18.7) | 34 (26.2) | 0.189 |
MRA, n (%) | 29 (8.1) | 11 (10.6) | 13 (10.6) | 5 (3.8) | 0.082 |
Diuretic, n (%) | 244 (68.2) | 80 (76.2) | 87 (70.7) | 77 (59.2) | 0.016 |
Oral antidiabetic, n (%) | 87 (24.3) | 22 (21.2) | 30 (24.2) | 35 (26.9) | 0.593 |
Beta-blocker, n (%) | 154 (43.1) | 51 (49.0) | 50 (40.7) | 53 (40.8) | 0.353 |
Insulin, n (%) | 49 (13.7) | 22 (21.2) | 13 (10.5) | 14 (10.8) | 0.031 |
Surgical AVR only, n (%)Ŧ | 154 (65.8) | 18 (54.5) | 64 (71.1) | 39 (64.9) | 0.220 |
AVR and aorta replacement, n (%)Ŧ | 15 (6.4) | 3 (9.1) | 4 (4.4) | 8 (7.2) | 0.579 |
AVR and CABG, n (%)Ŧ | 45 (19.2) | 6 (18.2) | 15 (16.7) | 24 (21.6) | 0.666 |
Percutaneous AVR, n (%)Ŧ | 18 (7.7) | 5 (15.2) | 7 (7.8) | 6 (5.4) | 0.182 |
AVR bypass time, minutes | 71.1 ± 25.7 | 66.6 ± 16.3 | 68.9 ± 30.5 | 74.3 ± 23.3 | 0.235 |
AVR aortic clamping time, minutes | 42.2 ± 11.4 | 40.5 ± 9.9 | 41.9 ± 11.6 | 42.9 ± 11.8 | 0.618 |
AVR procedural complications, n (%)Ŧ | 10 (4.4%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.7) | 5 (4.6) | 0.421 |