Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population
|  | Total (n = 144) | Paroxysmal AF (n = 78) | Persistent AF (n = 66) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Data | ||||
  Age, years | 61 ± 11 | 61 ± 11 | 60 ± 10 | 0.95 |
  Men, n (%) | 111(77) | 55 (71) | 56(85) | 0.05 |
  Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | 32 ± 6 | 0.03 |
  AF duration, years | 6.2 ± 6.1 | 6.5 ± 6.3 | 5.8 ± 5.9 | 0.51 |
  CHA2DS2-VASc | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 0.67 |
Comorbidity | ||||
  Hypertension, n(%) | 74(51) | 38(49) | 36(55) | 0.51 |
  Diabetes, n(%) | 15(10) | 8(10) | 7(11) | 0.95 |
  Coronary artery disease, n(%) | 22(15) | 10(13) | 12(18) | 0.37 |
  Heart failure, n(%) | 19(13) | 2(3) | 17(26) |  < 0.0001 |
  Stroke/TIA, n(%) | 16(11) | 9(12) | 7(11) | 0.86 |
Medication | ||||
  AAD Class I or III, n (%) | 70(49) | 46(59) | 24(34) | 0.01 |
  β-blocker or CCB, n(%) | 95(66) | 47(60) | 48(73) | 0.04 |
Essential Echo parameters | ||||
  LAVI, mL/m2 | 39 ± 10 | 36 ± 9 | 43 ± 11 |  < 0.0001 |
  LVEDD, mm | 51 ± 6 | 50 ± 4 | 51 ± 5 | 0.77 |
  LVESD, mm | 33 ± 5 | 32 ± 3 | 34 ± 6 | 0.007 |
  LVEF,% | 60 ± 7 | 63 ± 5 | 58 ± 9 | 0.0003 |
  E/A ratio | 1.33 ± 0.63 | 1.30 ± 0.57 | 1.57 ± 0.91 | 0.15 |
  RVSP, mmHg | 29 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 | 29 ± 5 | 0.64 |