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Table 3 Correct diagnoses by PHU and PE with TTE as a reference

From: Cardiac assessment accuracy by students using palm-held ultrasound compared to physical examination by skilled cardiologists: a pilot study with a single medical student

 

TTE

PHU

PE

% Absolute difference (95% CI)

P value

Ejection fraction (%) > 50%

42

38/42 (90.5%)

35/42 (83.3%)

3%) 1%-13%)

0.508

Ejection fraction (%) < 50%

35

15/35 (42.9%)

6/35 (17.1%)

9%25%-3%))

0.035

Mitral regurgitation absent

69

64/69 (92.8%)

67/69 (97.1%)

| % -3| (1%-10%)

0.453

Mitral regurgitation present

8

4/8 (50%)

4/8 (50%)

0%

1.00

Mitral stenosis absent

76

73/76 (96.1%)

76/76 (100%)

| % -3| (1%-10%)

+

Mitral stenosis present

1

1/1 (100%)

0/1 (0%)

100%

+  +

Aortic regurgitation absent

76

70/76 (92.1%)

76/76 (100%)

-6%|| (2%-14%)

+

Aortic regurgitation present

1

0/1 (0%)

1/1 (100%)

-100%||

+  +

Aortic stenosis absent

72

68/72 (94.4%)

70/72 (97.2%)

| % -3.2| (1%-10.2%)

0.625

Aortic stenosis present

5

0/5 (0%)

2/5 (40%)

|-40%| (11.8%-76.9%)

+  +

Pericardial effusion absent

71

70/71 (90.9%)

71/71 (100%)

-1.4%|| (0.2%-4.0%)

+

Pericardial effusion present

6

0/6 (0%)

0/6 (0%)

0%

+

  1. Absent means none or mild valvular dysfunction, while present refers to moderate to severe. The sensitivity is defined as the presence of a heart condition, while specificity is mentioned as the absence of one
  2. PE physical examination, Per. Eff. pericardial effusion
  3. + Cannot be calculated