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Table 2 Systolic and diastolic parameters

From: Difference in cardiac remodeling between female athletes and pregnant women: a case control study

Parameter

Pregnancy

Athletes

Controls

p (athletes vs pregnant women)

p (pregnant womne vs controls)

p (athletes vs controls)

EF (%)

58.9 ± 4.2

62.1 ± 6.3

63.5 ± 3.4

0.08

0.06

0.36

FS (%)

37.7 ± 5.1

41 ± 3.7

39.6 ± 4.7

0.57

0.65

0.51

MAPSE (mm)

18.5 ± 1.8

19.2 ± 1.7

19.8 ± 2.7

0.26

0.06

0.44

E/A

1.28 ± 0.29

2.2 ± 0.7

1.7 ± 0.4

< 0.001

0.05

0.32

IVRT (s)

67 ± 9.9

75.6 ± 9.2

74.6 ± 8.3

0.008

0.01

0.48

DT (m/s)

169 ± 24

182 ± 27.9

181.4 ± 25.4

0.13

0.12

0.35

E/E’

6.1 ± 1.6

6 ± 0.7

5.76 ± 0.82

0.76

0.18

0.47

S (LV) (m/s)

10.2 ± 1.7

10.2 ± 1.1

10.8 ± 1.6

0.98

0.14

0.18

TAPSE (mm)

23.7 ± 4.2

23.9 ± 3

23.5 ± 2.7

0.86

0.74

0.19

S (RV) (m/s)

14.2 ± 2.6

12.5 ± 1.5

13.1 ± 1.6

0.02

0.09

0.81

LV GLS (%)

−23.7 ± 2.9

−26.5 ± 4.1

− 26.5 ± 2.8

0.02

0.05

0.68

LV GCS (%)

−28.6 ± 4.3

− 30.7 ± 4.9

−27.4 ± 3.9

0.16

0.42

0.06

RV GLS (%)

−29.8 ± 6.3

−27.4 ± 3.9

−26.7 ± 5.8

0.03

0.02

0.54

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle, EF ejection fraction, FS fractional shortening, MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic excursion, E/A early (E)/late diastolic (A) mitral inflow velocities, IVRT isovolumetric relaxation time, DT deceleration time, E/E’ ratio between E and early diastolic mitral annular velocities (E’) assessed with TDI, S average of the medial and lateral peak systolic velocity assessed with TDI, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, GLS global longitudinal strain, GCS Global circumferential strain