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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters of the study subjects

From: Reduced left atrial contractile strain with speckle tracking analysis predicts abnormal plasma NTproBNP in an asymptomatic community population

 

All

(n = 620)

NTproBNP < 125

(n = 503)

NTproBNP ≥ 125

(n = 117)

Clinical characteristics

 Age (years)

65.8 ± 8.9

64.6 ± 8.9

71.2 ± 6.5^

 Female

327 (52.7%)

263(52.3%)

64(54.7%)

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.6 ± 3.3

25.8 ± 3.3

24.6 ± 3.1^

 smoking

200 (32.3%)

168 (33.4%)

32 (27.4%)

 Hypertension

499 (80.5%)

400(79.5%)

99 (84.6%)

 Diabetes

176 (28.4%)

135(26.8%)

41 (35.0%)

 CAD

104 (16.8%)

72(14.3%)

32 (27.4%)^

 History of heart failure

13 (2.1%)

8(1.6%)

5 (4.3%)

 Stroke

120 (19.4%)

93(18.5%)

27 (23.1%)

 Heart rate(bpm)

73.6 ± 13.2

74.1 ± 12.7

71.7 ± 14.8

 Total cholesterol(mmol/L)

5.24 ± 1.06

5.28 ± 1.03

5.06 ± 1.15*

 Low-density lipoprotein(mmol/L)

3.26 ± 0.88

3.29 ± 0.87

3.10 ± 0.89*

 High-density lipoprotein(mmol/L)

1.32 ± 0.30

1.32 ± 0.30

1.32 ± 0.33

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.41 (0.98–2.01)

1.47(1.01–2.05)

1.21(0.90–1.72)^

 Blood glucose (mmol/L)

6.57 ± 2.07

6.52 ± 1.88

6.82 ± 2.71

 eGFR (ml/min.1.73m2)

87.2 ± 14.3

88.2 ± 14.1

82.5 ± 14.3*

 Uric Acid(umol/L)

303.3 ± 76.4

305.1 ± 74.8

295.7 ± 82.6

 Hs-CRP

1.18(0.50–2.76)

1.14(0.49–2.59)

1.48(0.54–3.43)

 NTproBNP (pg/ml)

62.5(32.2–105.3)

48.3(28.1–77.3)

174.7(141.9–229.3) ^

Conventional measurements

 LVDd (cm)

4.63 ± 0.48

4.63 ± 0.48

4.62 ± 0.49

 LVEF(%)

70.8 ± 9.4

70.9 ± 9.2

70.4 ± 10.3

 LVMI (g/m2)

91.6 ± 22.5

90.3 ± 22.4

97.0 ± 22.6^

 LAVI (ml/m2)

17.9 ± 4.8

17.4 ± 4.7

20.1 ± 4.9^

 E/A

0.85 ± 0.24

0.85 ± 0.24

0.85 ± 0.24

 E'(cm/s)

7.6 ± 2.1

7.8 ± 2.1

6.9 ± 1.9^

 A'(cm/s)

11.2 ± 1.7

11.4 ± 1.7

10.6 ± 1.7^

 E/E’ ratio

10.8 ± 3.5

10.4 ± 3.2

12.6 ± 4.0^

 E/E' > 14

99(16.0%)

58(11.5%)

41(35.0%)^

 VTR (m/s)

2.46 ± 0.33

2.44 ± 0.31

2.53 ± 0.37*

 VTR > 2.8 m/s

69(11.1%)

41(8.2%)

28(23.9%)^

LA strain and SR

 LA reservoir function

  εR(%)

21.61 ± 5.47

22.00 ± 5.50

19.93 ± 5.00^

  SRs(s−1)

1.09 ± 0.31

1.11 ± 0.31

0.97 ± 0.28^

 LA conduit function

  εCD (%)

9.99 ± 4.41

10.08 ± 4.33

9.62 ± 4.73

  SRe(s−1)

0.91 ± 0.50

0.91 ± 0.36

0.88 ± 0.86

 LA contractile function

  εCT(%)

11.62 ± 3.70

11.93 ± 3.79

10.30 ± 2.96^

  SRa(s−1)

1.53 ± 0.53

1.58 ± 0.54

1.32 ± 0.38^

  LASI

0.54 ± 0.25

0.51 ± 0.23

0.68 ± 0.30 ^

  1. Values are mean ± SD / median(quartiles) or %;*: P < 0.05, ^: P ≤ 0.01
  2. BMI Body mass index, CAD Coronary artery disease, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVDd Left ventricular diastolic diameter, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVMI Left ventricular mass index, LAVI Maximal left atrial volume index, E Peak velocity during early diastolic of mitral flow by pulsed Doppler, A Peak velocity during late diastolic of mitral flow by pulsed Doppler, E’ The average of septal and lateral mitral annular early diastolic peak velocity, A’ The average of septal and lateral mitral annular late diastolic peak velocity, VTR Peak velocityof tricuspid regurgitation, available in 476 patients, LASI Left atrial stiffness index