Table 1 Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

35 (29–45)

34 (28–43)

37 (29–46)

0.056

Height (cm)

164 (159–171)

171 (168–176)

159 (156–163)

 < 0.001

Weight (kg)

62 (54–70)

69 (64–75)

54 (50–60)

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

22.6 (20.6–24.8)

23.5 (22.0–25.4)

21.6 (19.8–23.9)

 < 0.001

BSA (m²)

1.67 (1.54–1.80)

1.80 (1.74–1.89)

1.56 (1.48–1.63)

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

119 (110–128)

123 (116–130)

114 (105–125)

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

72 (65–78)

73 (67–78)

71 (63–77)

0.011

Heart rate (bpm)

68 (62–73)

65 (61–73)

69 (63–73)

0.012

LV EDV (ml)

94 (88–105)

104 (97–110)

89 (84–93)

 < 0.001

LV ESV (ml)

33 (29–38)

38 (34–42)

30 (27–33)

 < 0.001

LV EF (%)

65 (63–68)

64 (61–66)

66 (64–68)

 < 0.001

E wave (m/s)

0.78 (0.69–0.92)

0.74 (0.64–0.84)

0.84 (0.74–0.95)

 < 0.001

A wave (m/s)

0.55 (0.46–0.65)

0.53 (0.44–0.63)

0.56 (0.47–0.66)

0.013

Transmitral E/A ratio

1.4 (1.2–1.8)

1.4 (1.16–1.73)

1.6 (1.2–1.8)

0.024

Septal e' wave (m/s)

11 (10–13)

11 (10–13)

11 (10–13)

0.997

Lateral e' wave (m/s)

14 (13–17)

14 (12–17)

15 (13–17)

0.388

E/e' ratio

6.1 (5.1–7.2)

5.7 (4.9–6.8)

6.5 (5.6–7.6)

 < 0.001

LA max (ml)

40 (36–45)

43 (40–47)

37 (34–41)

 < 0.001

LA min (ml)

19 (17–22)

21 (19–23)

18 (16–21)

 < 0.001

LV GLS (%)

-19.6 (-21.1– -18.1)

-18.3 (-19.6– -17.4)

-20.7 (-21.8– -19.5)

 < 0.001

LV global WI (mmHg%)

1749 ± 231

1676 ± 211

1814 ± 228

 < 0.001

LV global CW (mmHg%)

2019 ± 265

1946 ± 224

2085 ± 283

 < 0.001

LV global WW (mmHg%)

79 (56–105)

81 (63–108)

74 (52–99)

0.005

LV global WE (%)

96 (94–97)

95 (94–96)

96 (95–97)

 < 0.001