Table 1 Distribution of age, sex and the modified Duke criteria among patients with suspected infective endocarditis examined with transoesophageal echocardiography

Patient characteristics

All patients

Patients with TOE positive for IE

Number of patients, n (%)

160 (100)

44 (28)

Age, mean (SD), median (IQR)

60.0 (16.4); 63.0 (20.5)

58.7 (19.7); 64.5 (30.5)

Female, n (%)

68 (42)

19 (43)

Male, n (%)

92 (58)

25 (57)

Age of females, mean (SD); median (IQR)

55.7 (18.4)

51.2 (21.1); 55.0 (44.0)

Age of males, mean (SD); median (IQR)

63.1 (14.1)

65.9 (15.0); 72.0 (16.0)

Clinical characteristics

All patients

Patients with TOE positive for IE

Diabetes mellitus

5 (3)

3 (7)

Chronic kidney disease

8 (5)

5 (11)

Cancer

33 (21)

7 (16)

Major Duke criteria

n (% of all patients)

n (% of patients with TOE positive for IE)

Positive blood culture, n (%)

105 (66)

33 (75)

Gram positive bacteria

87 (54)

26 (59)

Staphylococcus aureus

48 (30)

16 (36)

Streptococci

8 (5)

2 (5)

CoNS

5 (3)

2 (5)

Candida

3 (2)

1 (2)

Enterococci

5 (3)

2 (5)

Negative blood culture, n (%)

22 (14)

4 (9)

Unknown result from blood culture, n (%)

33 (21)

7 (16)

Positive TOE, n (%)

44 (28)

 Aortic valve

15 (9)

 Mitral valve

23 (14)

 Tricuspid valve

2 (1)

 Pulmonary valve

1 (1)

 Dishiscence of prosthetic valve, n (%)

1 (1)

 Abscess, n (%)

2 (1)

18FDG PET/CT, n (%)

21 (13)

8 (18)

18FDG PET/CT positive for IE, n (%)

4 (3)

1 (2)

Minor criteria

 Predisposing factors

  Intravenous drug use

5 (3)

2 (5)

  Predisposing heart condition (excl. CIED and prosthetic valves)

4 (3)

4 (9)

  CIED

4 (3)

3 (7)

  Prosthetic valve (-s)

33 (21)

14 (32)

  TAVR

14 (9)

6 (14)

  bAVR

7 (4)

3 (7)

  mAVR

5 (3)

1 (2)

  bMVR

1 (1)

0 (0)

  Pulmonary homograft

5 (3)

1 (2)

  Freestyle aortic root

1 (1)

0 (0)

  mAVR + mMVR

1 (1)

0 (0)

Fever (> 38 C)

97 (61)

31 (70)

Vascular phenomena, n (%)

20 (13)

7 (16)

Immunological phenomena, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)