Table 2 Comparison of echocardiographic parameters between ASD patients and normal controls

LVEF (%)

63.6 ± 3.4

64.7 ± 2.9

0.173

TAPSE (mm)

25.4 ± 3.6

20.2 ± 3.6

<0.001

RV FAC (%)

46.6 ± 3.7

47.1 ± 4.4

0.689

RV Sʹ (cm/s)

15.0 ± 3.0

13.1 ± 1.8

0.004

3D RV end-diastolic volume (mL)

153 (117–193)

91 (79–98)

<0.001

3D RV end-systolic volume (mL)

67 (44–80)

37 (34–40)

<0.001

3D RV stroke volume (mL)

89 ± 25

53 ± 7

<0.001

3D RV EF (%)

57.6 ± 3.3

58.6 ± 1.9

0.140

RV basal diameter (mm)

44.7 ± 7.8

34.4 ± 3.7

<0.001

TA diameter (mm)

36.8 ± 6.2

26.9 ± 3.7

<0.001

3D RA maximum volume (mL)

50 (43–64)

36 (34–39)

<0.001

SPAP (mmHg)

35.4 (29.1–48.4)

21.9 (18.6–25.6)

<0.001

DPAP (mmHg)

21.1 (18.0-27.3)

16.3 (13.6–18.6)

<0.001

MPAP (mmHg)

25.9 (22.2–34.2)

13.6 (11.2–15.7)

<0.001

RV FWLS (%)

-25.2 ± 3.8

-24.4 ± 3.5

0.401

RV GLS (%)

-22.3 ± 3.0

-20.7 ± 2.6

0.030

RVGWI (mmHg%)

571.7 ± 203.2

311.2 ± 98.7

<0.001

RVGCW (mmHg%)

690.8 ± 254.8

361.5 ± 101.3

<0.001

RVGWW (mmHg%)

56.0 (37.5–75.0)

22.0 (9.0-37.5)

<0.001

RVGWE (%)

91.0 (89.0–93.0)

92.0 (89.0–97.0)

0.214