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Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline

From: Peak left atrial longitudinal strain is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with ventricular functional mitral regurgitation

 

Total population (n = 307)

PALS > 15% (n = 127)

PALS ≤ 15% (n = 180)

P-value

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

70 (62–77)

67 (57–75)

73 (65–78)

0.001

 Male

236 (76.9)

90 (70.9)

146 (81.1)

0.036

 BSA, m2

1.81 (1.71–1.94)

1.84 (1.71–1.97)

1.81 (1.70–1.92)

0.174

 Atrial fibrillation

133 (43.3)

34 (26.8)

99 (55.0)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

225 (73.3)

92 (72.4)

133 (73.9)

0.778

 Diabetes mellitus

93 (30.3)

29 (22.8)

64 (35.6)

0.017

 Creatinine, mg/dL

1.15 (0.91–1.78)

0.99 (0.84–1.40)

1.29 (1.02–1.93)

 < 0.001

 EuroSCORE II, %

4.21 (2.35–78)

2.66 (1.70–4.98)

5.39 (3.38–9.20)

 < 0.001

 NYHA functional class

   

 < 0.001

   I

22 (7.2)

16 (12.6)

6 (3.3)

 

   II

177 (57.7)

89 (70.1)

88 (48.9)

 

   III

105 (34.2)

22 (17.3)

83 (46.1)

 

   IV

3 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (1.7)

 

 Heart failure etiology

   

0.823

   Ischemic

186 (60.6)

76 (59.8)

110 (61.1)

 

   Nonischemic

121 (39.4)

51 (40.2)

70 (38.9)

 

Medication and devices

 ACEi/ARB

284 (92.5)

120 (94.5)

164 (91.1)

0.269

 percent of maximal dose, %

75 (25–100)

100 (50–100)

50 (25–100)

 < 0.001

 Beta-blockers

284 (92.5)

118 (92.9)

166 (92.2)

0.821

 percent of maximal dose, %

50 (25–100)

50 (25–100)

50 (25–75)

0.378

 MRA

146 (47.8)

50 (39.4)

96 (53.3)

0.016

 percent of maximal dose, %

100 (50–100)

100 (50–100)

100 (50–100)

0.933

 Diuretics

207 (67.4)

67 (52.8)

140 (77.8)

 < 0.001

 ICD

87 (28.3)

40 (31.5)

47 (26.1)

0.303

 CRT-D/CRT-P

83 (27.0)

21 (16.5)

62 (34.4)

0.001

  1. Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%)
  2. ACEi/ARB angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor / angiotensin II receptor blocker, BSA body surface area, CRT-D cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator, CRT-P cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker, ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NYHA New York Heart Association, PALS peak atrial longitudinal strain, percent of maximal dose = percentage of the maximal recommended dose described in the landmark trials demonstrating survival benefit
  3. Bold P-values are statistically significant