Total population (n = 307) | PALS > 15% (n = 127) | PALS ≤ 15% (n = 180) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Age, years | 70 (62–77) | 67 (57–75) | 73 (65–78) | 0.001 |
Male | 236 (76.9) | 90 (70.9) | 146 (81.1) | 0.036 |
BSA, m2 | 1.81 (1.71–1.94) | 1.84 (1.71–1.97) | 1.81 (1.70–1.92) | 0.174 |
Atrial fibrillation | 133 (43.3) | 34 (26.8) | 99 (55.0) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 225 (73.3) | 92 (72.4) | 133 (73.9) | 0.778 |
Diabetes mellitus | 93 (30.3) | 29 (22.8) | 64 (35.6) | 0.017 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.15 (0.91–1.78) | 0.99 (0.84–1.40) | 1.29 (1.02–1.93) | < 0.001 |
EuroSCORE II, % | 4.21 (2.35–78) | 2.66 (1.70–4.98) | 5.39 (3.38–9.20) | < 0.001 |
NYHA functional class | < 0.001 | |||
I | 22 (7.2) | 16 (12.6) | 6 (3.3) | |
II | 177 (57.7) | 89 (70.1) | 88 (48.9) | |
III | 105 (34.2) | 22 (17.3) | 83 (46.1) | |
IV | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.7) | |
Heart failure etiology | 0.823 | |||
Ischemic | 186 (60.6) | 76 (59.8) | 110 (61.1) | |
Nonischemic | 121 (39.4) | 51 (40.2) | 70 (38.9) | |
Medication and devices | ||||
ACEi/ARB | 284 (92.5) | 120 (94.5) | 164 (91.1) | 0.269 |
percent of maximal dose, % | 75 (25–100) | 100 (50–100) | 50 (25–100) | < 0.001 |
Beta-blockers | 284 (92.5) | 118 (92.9) | 166 (92.2) | 0.821 |
percent of maximal dose, % | 50 (25–100) | 50 (25–100) | 50 (25–75) | 0.378 |
MRA | 146 (47.8) | 50 (39.4) | 96 (53.3) | 0.016 |
percent of maximal dose, % | 100 (50–100) | 100 (50–100) | 100 (50–100) | 0.933 |
Diuretics | 207 (67.4) | 67 (52.8) | 140 (77.8) | < 0.001 |
ICD | 87 (28.3) | 40 (31.5) | 47 (26.1) | 0.303 |
CRT-D/CRT-P | 83 (27.0) | 21 (16.5) | 62 (34.4) | 0.001 |