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Table 5 Measures of stroke* risk assessment for selected bilateral CCA phenotypes in this study and for reported Framingham scores †

From: Bilateral common carotid artery ultrasound for prediction of incident strokes using intima-media thickness and external diameter: an observational study

Risk assessment criteria/phenotypes

Gender (#strokes)

Sensitivity

Specificity

Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI)

Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI)

IMT and diameter both large, bilaterally

Men (51)

0.44

0.81

2.28 (1.84-2.84)

0.69 (0.59-0.81)

Women (42)

0.64

0.79

3.10 (2.56-3.76)

0.46 (0.33-0.63)

IMT large bilaterally, regardless of diameter

Men (73)

0.63

0.67

1.92 (1.66-2.22)

0.55 (0.43-0.69)

Women (52)

0.79

0.65

2.23(1.96-2.55)

0.33 (0.21-0.52)

Diameter large bilaterally, regardless of IMT

Men (75)

0.65

0.63

1.74 (1.51-2.00)

0.56 (0.43-0.71)

Women (49)

0.74

0.61

1.93 (1.66-2.23)

0.42 (0.28-0.63)

IMT and diameter both large on same side, unilaterally or bilaterally

Men (83)

0.72

0.57

1.68 (1.49-1.90)

0.49 (0.36-0.65)

Women (53)

0.80

0.56

1.84 (1.62-2.08)

0.35 (0.21-0.57)

Large IMT, unilaterally or bilaterally, regardless of diameter

Men (100)

0.87

0.35

1.33 (1.23-1.43)

0.38 (0.24-0.61)

Women (61)

0.92

0.33

1.38 (1.28-1.48)

0.23 (0.10-0.53)

Large diameter, unilaterally or bilaterally, regardless of IMT

Men (91)

0.79

0.39

1.30 (1.18-1.43)

0.54 (0.37-0.77)

Women (56)

0.85

0.40

1.41 (1.27-1.56)

0.38 (0.22-0.68)

Large IMT bilaterally and/or large diameter bilaterally

Men (97)

0.84

0.49

1.65 (1.51-1.80)

0.32 (0.21-0.49)

Women (59)

0.89

0.47

1.68 (1.54-1.83)

0.23 (0.11-0.46)

Framingham score: CVD †

Men

0.72

0.81

3.85 (3.34-4.44)

0.34 (0.25-0.48)

Women

0.62

0.81

3.23 (2.70-3.86)

0.47 (0.36-0.62)

Cerebrovascular score †

Men

0.76

0.81

4.1 (3.60-4.68)

0.29 (0.20-0.42)

Women

0.64

0.81

3.36 (2.83-3.99)

0.44 (0.33-0.59)

  1. *First time strokes occurring after baseline (1987–89) through December 31, 1999 with follow up of 10–12 years. †The likelihood ratios for the Framingham scores are based on numbers calculated from the sensitivity and specificity reported for the top quintile of the Framingham scores in the Framingham population (12).