Assessment of atrial regional and global electromechanical function by tissue velocity echocardiography: a feasibility study on healthy individuals

Table 3 Time intervals expressed in milliseconds measured at low and mid atrial levels in the myocardial walls of the RA and LA.

Variables	*Level*	RA	IAS	LA-Lat	LA-Inf	LA-Ant	LA-Post	P*
P-Aa' start	Low	51 ± 11	59 ± 9	69 ± 11	62 ± 10	70 ± 10	62 ± 11	< 0.001
(ms)	Mid	38 ± 9	47 ± 8	57 ± 9	51 ± 11	59 ± 10	52 ± 11	< 0.001
	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
P-Aa' peak	Low	117 ± 22	108 ± 14	119 ± 14	108 ± 12	123 ± 14	107 ± 11	<0.001
(ms)	Mid	110 ± 20	104 ± 15	115 ± 15	98 ± 17	123 ± 16	99 ± 17	< 0.01
	P	0.06	0.04	0.1	< 0.001	0.9	< 0.001
Aa'-dur.	Low	135 ± 16	120 ± 16	106 ± 10	118 ± 13	113 ± 12	112 ± 12	< 0.001
(ms)	Mid	145 ± 19	127 ± 16	117 ± 10	115 ± 12	121 ± 16	115 ± 12	< 0.01
	P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.1	< 0.001	0.07
TEMA	Low	186 ± 17	179 ± 18	175 ± 15	179 ± 15	183 ± 14	174 ± 12	0.07
(ms)	Mid	183 ± 21	174 ± 16	173 ± 15	175 ± 15	180 ± 19	167 ± 17	0.2
	P	0.3	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.06

Abbreviations: Aa'-dur., duration of the A wave; IAS, inter-atrial septum; LA-Ant, left atrial anterior wall; LA-Inf, inferior left atrial wall; LA-Lat, left lateral atrial wall; LA-Post, left posterior atrial wall; ms, milliseconds; P, by paired t test; P*, by analysis of variance; P-Aa' start, time from the beginning of the P-wave to the start of the A-wave; P-Aa' peak, time from the beginning of the P-wave to the peak of the A-wave; RA, right atrial wall; TEMA, total electromechanical activity.
P-Aa' start Low: RA vs all LA-walls (P < 0.001), IAS and LA-Inf vs LA-Lat (P < 0.001)
P-Aa' start Mid: RA vs all LA-walls (P < 0.01), IAS vs LA-Lat and LA-Ant (P < 0.001); LA-Inf vs LA-Lat and LA-Inf (P < 0.001); LA-Post vs LA-Ant (P < 0.01)
P-A'a peak Low and Mid: IAS, LA-Inf and LA-Post vs LA-Lat and LA-Ant (P < 0.001 for all comparisons)
Aa' dur. Low: RA, IAS and LA-Inf vs LA-Lat (P < 0.001)
Aa' dur. Mid: RA vs all walls (P < 0.001), IAS vs LA-Lat, LA-Inf and LA-Post (P < 001)
TEMA Low: RA vs LA-Lat, LA-Inf and LA-Post (P < 0.001). No differences among all LA-walls.
TEMA Mid: RA vs LA-Lat, LA-Inf, LA-Post (P < 0.001), LA-Ant vs LA-Inf and LA-Post (P < 0.001)

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