Diastolic time – frequency relation in the stress echo lab: filling timing and flow at different heart rates

Table 1 Physiological versus cardiological systole and diastole

Physiological systole	Cardiological systole
Isovolumic contraction	From M₁ to A₂, including:
Maximal ejection	Major part of isovolumic contraction*
	Maximal ejection
	Reduced ejection
Physiological diastole	Cardiological diastole
Reduced ejection	A₂ - M₁ interval (filling phases included)
Isovolumic relaxation
Filling phases

* Note that M₁ occurs with a definite albeit short delay after the start of the LV contraction. Modified from Opie LH. Mechanisms of cardiac contraction and relaxation. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, eds. Heart Disease. 7^th ed. WB Saunders Company 2005, Chap.19:457–489, page 474.

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