Post-exercise contractility, diastolic function, and pressure: Operator-independent sensor-based intelligent monitoring for heart failure telemedicine

Table 2 Quantitative stress-echo assessment and calculated hemodynamic parameters

Measured values (rest, peak stress, recovery min. 1, 3, 5)	Method	Measure unit
Heart rate	ECG	bpm
LV ESV index	2D echo (Simpson rule)/BSA	mL/m ²
LV EDV index	2D echo (Simpson rule)/BSA	mL/m ²
SBP	Sphygmomanometer	mmHg
DBP	Sphygmomanometer	mmHg
Calculated values (rest, peak stress, recovery min. 1, 3, 5)
Stroke volume index	EDV index – ESV index	mL/m ²
Cardiac index	stroke volume index * heart rate	L/min/m ²
Mean Arterial Pressure	(SBP-DBP)/3 + DBP	mmHg
LV elastance index	SP/ESV index	mmHg/mL/m ²
Effective arterial elastance index (EaI)	(SBP*0.9)/Stroke volume index	mmHg/mL/m ²
Ventricular-arterial coupling	LV elastance index/Eai	ratio
SVR index	80 (MAP-5)/Cardiac index*	dyne sec * cm* ⁵

SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure; SVR = Systemic Vascular Resistance, where 5 is an approximation of the right atrial pressure, and MAP is mean arterial pressure; Ventricular-arterial coupling is ventricular elastance/arterial elastance, which can be described as end-systolic pressure/end-systolic LV volume divided by end-systolic pressure/stroke volume. The pressure terms in the numerator and the denominator cancel out, and ventricular-arterial coupling equals stroke volume/end-systolic volume.

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