Table 2 Echocardiographic characteristics
From: Normal ranges of left ventricular strain in children: a meta-analysis
Study | Year | LV measurements | LV model for LS generation | Segmental LS | Echocardiographic View L/C, R | Vendor | Probe (Mhz) | Software | FR | Tissue tracking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bussadori [30] | 2009 | L, C (S, SR) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH/BMA sax | MyLab 50 | 2.5–3.5 | Xstrain | 40-64 | Endocardial |
Pettersen [21] | 2009 | L, C (S, SR) | Bull’s eye | No | Apical 2,3,4 CH/BMA (G) sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | 69-112 | Endomyocardial |
Jin Yu [19] | 2010 | C, R (S, SR) | N/A | N/A | /Basal and Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | 5 and 7 | EchoPac | 40-100 | NS |
Singh [41] | 2010 | L, C, (S) | Bull’s eye | Yes | Apical 2,3,4CH/BMA sax | GE Vivid 7 | 4 | EchoPac | 60-90 | Endomyocardial |
Van der Hulst [35] | 2010 | L (S) | Bull’s eye | Yes | Apical 2,3,4 CH | GE Vivid 7 | 3.5 | EchoPac | >40 | Endomyocardial |
Koh [32] | 2010 | L, C (S, SR) | 6 segments | No | Apical 4CH/BMA sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | NS | NS |
Cheung [44] | 2010 | L, C, R (S, SR) | 6 segments | No | Apical 4CH/Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | NS | NS |
Marcus [11] | 2011 | L, C, R (S) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH/Basal and Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | 3 or 5 | EchoPac | 70-90 | Endomyocardial |
Takayasu [29] | 2011 | L (S, SR) | 6 segments | No | Apical 4 CH | GE Vivid 7 | UTD | EchoPac | NS | Endomyocardial |
Di salvo [34] | 2012 | L, C, R (S) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH/BMA sax | GE Vivid 7 | 1.5-4 | EchoPac | 75 (16) | Endomyocardial |
Fernandes [45] | 2012 | C, R (S, SR) | N/A | N/A | /BMA sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | 60-90 | Endomyocardial |
Poterucha [37] | 2012 | L (S) | Bull’s eye | Yes | Apical 2,3,4 CH | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | >80 | NS |
Hirth [43] | 2012 | L (S, SR) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH | GE Vivid 7 | UTD | EchoPac | 50 | NS |
Schubert [27] | 2013 | L (S, SR) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH | GE Vivid 7 | 4–10.5 | EchoPac | 176-200 | Endomyocardial |
Sehgal [17] | 2013 | L (S, SR) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH | GE Vivid 7 | 10 | EchoPac | >80 | NS |
Klitsie [28] | 2013 | L, C, R (S) | 6 segments | No | Apical 4CH/Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | NS | Endomyocardial |
Klitsie [12] | 2013 | L, C, R (S) | 6 segments | No | Apical 4CH/Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | 60-80 | Endomyocardial |
Singh [42] | 2013 | L (S) | Bull’s eye | No | Apical 2,3,4CH | GE Vivid 7 | 1.5-4 | EchoPac | NS | NS |
Van der Ende [5] | 2013 | L (S) | Bull’s eye | Yes | Apical 2,3,4CH | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | >45 | NS |
Dogan [31] | 2013 | L, C, R (S, SR) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4 CH/Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | 3.0 and 7.5 | EchoPac | >60 | Endomyocardial |
Barbosa [36] | 2013 | L (S) | Bull’s eye | No | Apical 2,3,4 CH | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | 44 | NS |
Ryan [46] | 2013 | C (S) | N/A | N/A | /Mid-level sax | Mix | NS | Tomtec | 75 | Endomyocardial |
McCandless [40] | 2013 | L, C (S, SR) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH/Mid-level sax | Siemens | NS | Syngo | NS | Endocardial |
Simsek [38] | 2013 | L (S, SR) | Bull’s eye | No | Apical 2,3,4 CH | GE Vivid 7 | 2.5 | EchoPac | 60-100 | NS |
Vitarelli [20] | 2014 | L, C, R (S) | Bull’s eye | No | Apical 2,3,4 CH/BMA (G) sax | GE Vivid E9 | 1.4-4.6 | EchoPac | >50 | NS |
Forsey [33] | 2014 | L, C (S) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4CH/BMA sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | 33-129 | Endomyocardial |
Labombarda [39] | 2014 | L, C, R (S) | 6 segments | No | Apical 2,3,4CH/Mid-level sax | Philips iE33 | 1-5 | QLab | NS | Endo-Epicardial |
Binnetoglu [16] | 2015 | L, C, R (S) | 6 segments | Yes | Apical 4 CH/Mid-level sax | GE Vivid 7 | NS | EchoPac | 60-90 | NS |