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Table 2 Effects of age and gender on reference limits – left ventricle

From: Normative reference ranges for echocardiographic chamber dimensions in a healthy Central European population: results from the Czech post-MONICA survey

Variable

Age effect (per 10 years)

Age effect

p value

Gender effect (male vs. female)

Gender effect

p value

Left ventricular dimensions

 2D method

  LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)

−0.7 [−1.0, − 0.3]

0.001

5.6 [4.3, 7.0]

<  0.001

  LV end-diastolic diameter, BSA (mm/m2)

−0.4 [− 0.8, − 0.1]

0.021

− 1.4 [− 2.5, − 0.4]

0.007

 M-mode method

  LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)

0.5 [− 0.1, 1.2]

0.113

5.4 [4.0, 6.8]

<  0.001

  LV end-diastolic diameter, BSA (mm/m2)

0.3 [−0.1, 0.7]

0.107

−1.3 [−2.1, − 0.4]

0.004

  LV end-systolic diameter (mm)

0.7 [− 0.2, 1.6]

0.114

4.1 [1.9, 6.2]

<  0.001

  LV end-systolic diameter, BSA (mm/m2)

0.4 [−0.1, 0.9]

0.109

−0.4 [−1.5, 0.7]

0.469

LV mass and wall thickness

 2D method

  Interventricular septum (mm)

0.5 [0.1, 0.8]

0.011

1.3 [0.4, 2.3]

0.004

  LV Posterior wall (mm)

0.4 [0.2, 0.6]

<  0.001

1.5 [1.0, 2.0]

<  0.001

  LV mass, BSA (g/m2)

4.2 [2.1, 6.4]

<  0.001

23.5 [18.4, 28.6]

<  0.001

 M-mode method

  Interventricular septum (mm)

0.6 [0.3, 0.9]

<  0.001

1.7 [0.9, 2.5]

<  0.001

  LV Posterior wall (mm)

0.6 [0.4, 0.8]

<  0.001

1.6 [1.1, 2.0]

<  0.001

  LV mass, BSA (g/m2)

7.1 [3.2, 11.1]

<  0.001

22.6 [10.6, 34.5]

<  0.001

  LV mass, height2.7 (g/m)

4.2 [2.2, 6.2]

<  0.001

4.8 [−0.2, 9.8]

0.060

LV volumes and function

 LV end-diastolic volume (ml)

−6.6 [− 10.0, −3.1]

<  0.001

35.4 [25.1, 45.6]

<  0.001

 LV end-diastolic volume, BSA (ml/m2)

−3.1 [− 6.5, 0.4]

0.081

8.4 [0.9, 16.0]

0.029

 LV end-systolic volume (ml)

−3.6 [−5.0, −2.1]

<  0.001

23.2 [19.4, 27.0]

<  0.001

 LV end-systolic volume, BSA (ml/m2)

−2.1 [−3.5, − 0.8]

0.002

6.4 [2.9, 9.9]

<  0.001

 LV ejection fraction (%)

1.4 [− 0.1, 2.9]

0.059

− 1.6 [−5.7, 2.6]

0.455

 Mitral septal s’ (cm/s)

− 0.2 [− 0.4, − 0.1]

0.001

−0.1 [− 0.4, 0.3]

0.658

 Mitral lateral s’ (cm/s)

− 0.3 [− 0.5, − 0.1]

0.002

0.4 [− 0.1, 0.8]

0.162

  1. Values depict effect size on reference limit (95th or 5th percentile of the healthy subset) with 95% confidence interval
  2. BSA body surface area, LV left ventricle
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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

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