Fig. 2

3D strain analysis using GE software in a healthy subject. Left ventricular endocardial border determination in apical 4-, 2-, and long-axis views at end-diastole (a) and end-systole (b). Green lines indicate the endocardial border. The software performed LV border determination during one cardiac cycle, and the generated LV volume curve, from which LV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were calculated. A beutel of the left ventricle is also shown (c). Epicardial border determination with manual editing identified the region of interest for subsequent speckle tracking (d). 3D regional and global longitudinal strain curves, a circumferential strain curve, an area strain curve, a radial strain curve, and a bull’s eye map of corresponding regional strains (e), generated with 3D speckle tracking analysis. CO, cardiac output; ED, end-diastole; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ES, end-systole; ESV, end-systolic volume; HR, heart rate; GAS, global area strain; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; Spl, sphericity index; SV, stroke volume