Table 1 Demographic features, preoperative clinical characteristics and echocardiographic variables of patients
Control (n = 20) | Patients with MS and functional TR (n = 63) | Patients undergoing TVA | P value, Control vs. functional TR | P value, Group I vs. Group II | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group I (n = 45) | Group II (n = 18) | |||||
Demographic features | ||||||
Age (years) | 48.4 ± 9.0 | 52.6 ± 8.2 | 52.4 ± 7.4 | 53.1 ± 10.2 | 0.06 | 0.77 |
Sex (M/F) | 13/7 | 22/41 | 12/33 | 10/8 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
Weight (kg) | 68.8 ± 11.5 | 63.4 ± 9.9 | 63.8 ± 10.6 | 62.2 ± 8.1 | 0.07 | 0.55 |
Height (cm) | 169.9 ± 7.6 | 166.0 ± 7.8 | 165.5 ± 7.5 | 167.2 ± 8.7 | 0.05 | 0.44 |
BSA (m2) | 1.79 ± 0.17 | 1.70 ± 0.16 | 1.70 ± 0.16 | 1.70 ± 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.92 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 71.0 ± 10.0 | 80.0 ± 21.0 | 76.0 ± 15.3 | 92.1 ± 28.4 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
Preoperative clinical characteristics | ||||||
NYHA functional class III-IV | – | 24 (38.1%) | 20 (44.4%) | 4 (22.2%) | – | 0.15 |
Hypertension | – | 3 (0.05%) | 1 (2.2%) | 2 (11.1%) | – | 0.19 |
Atrial fibrillation | – | 51 (80.9%) | 35 (77.8%) | 16 (88.9%) | – | 0.48 |
TR severity | ||||||
1+ | – | 19 (30.0%) | 17 (37.8%) | 2 (11.1%) | – | – |
1.5+ | – | 16 (25.4%) | 10 (22.2%) | 6 (33.3%) | – | – |
2+ | – | 14 (22.2%) | 7 (15.6%) | 7 (38.9%) | – | – |
2.5+ | – | 3 (4.8%) | 2 (4.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | – | – |
3+ | – | 11 (17.5%) | 9 (20%) | 2 (11.1%) | – | – |
TR VCW (mm) | – | 4.24 ± 2.33 | 4.11 ± 2.51 | 4.66 ± 1.87 | – | 0.41 |
Suture annuloplasty/Ring annuloplasty | – | 36/27 | 23/22 | 13/5 | – | 0.13 |
Conventional echocardiographic variables | ||||||
MVA by 2D planimetry (cm2) | – | 0.88 ± 0.15 | 1.10 ± 0.39 | 0.82 ± 0.29 | – | 0.01 |
MVA by PHT (cm2) | – | 0.92 ± 0.38 | 1.11 ± 0.10 | 0.86 ± 0.22 | – | 0.04 |
MV mean gradient (mm Hg) | – | 10.0 ± 4.8 | 8.9 ± 4.0 | 12.7 ± 5.7 | – | 0.00 |
MV peak gradient (mm Hg) | – | 19.4 ± 7.6 | 19.2 ± 7.9 | 19.9 ± 6.9 | – | 0.74 |
TA maximal diameter (cm) | 3.39 ± 0.48 | 3.44 ± 0.46 | 3.45 ± 0.49 | 3.42 ± 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.83 |
TA minimal diameter (cm) | 2.86 ± 0.31 | 3.39 ± 0.39 | 3.40 ± 0.51 | 3.37 ± 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
PASP (mm Hg) | – | 44.7 ± 22.6 | 42.0 ± 22.4 | 51.4 ± 22.4 | – | 0.14 |
Tricuspid E (cm/s) | 56.3 ± 7.6 | 63.4 ± 19.3 | 63.7 ± 20.0 | 62.9 ± 18.0 | 0.02 | 0.89 |
E’ (cm/s) | 11.9 ± 2.2 | 11.4 ± 2.9 | 11.1 ± 2.7 | 11.9 ± 3.3 | 0.48 | 0.41 |
S′ (cm/s) | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 12.1 ± 2.6 | 12.3 ± 2.7 | 11.8 ± 2.3 | 0.44 | 0.55 |
E/E’ | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 2.5 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 5.5 ± 2.8 | 0.06 | 0.63 |
LA-ap (mm) | 32.4 ± 2.3 | 55.5 ± 12.0 | 55.9 ± 12.9 | 54.6 ± 9.4 | 0.00 | 0.71 |
LA maximal volume (mL) | 38.0 ± 10.4 | 202.5 ± 27.3 | 228.0 ± 27.2 | 138.7 ± 15.2 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
LA minimal volume (mL) | 12.5 ± 4.7 | 160.1 ± 23.8 | 182.4 ± 32.3 | 104.2 ± 14.4 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
LAVI (mL/m2) | 21.2 ± 5.8 | 119.7 ± 15.8 | 134.9 ± 21.4 | 81.7 ± 8.8 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
LASV (mL) | 25.5 ± 6.7 | 42.5 ± 4.3 | 45.6 ± 5.5 | 34.6 ± 5.2 | 0.00 | 0.24 |
LAEF (%) | 67.5 ± 5.3 | 24.9 ± 11.9 | 24.4 ± 1.6 | 26.1 ± 3.5 | 0.00 | 0.60 |
LAEI (%) | 216.0 ± 52.2 | 39.0 ± 44.1 | 34.9 ± 20.3 | 49.2 ± 18.1 | 0.00 | 0.25 |
LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 81.9 ± 20.9 | 87.9 ± 34.7 | 93.6 ± 38.2 | 73.7 ± 18.1 | 0.47 | 0.01 |
LV end-systolic volume (mL) | 34.4 ± 11.0 | 41.7 ± 19.5 | 44.8 ± 21.2 | 33.9 ± 11.9 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
LV EF (%) | 58.5 ± 4.7 | 53.0 ± 8.7 | 52.6 ± 7.9 | 53.9 ± 10.5 | 0.00 | 0.57 |
2D-STE variables | ||||||
LAS-r (%) | 42.5 ± 10.2 | 7.6 ± 4.0 | 8.5 ± 4.1 | 5.4 ± 2.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
LAS-cd (%) | −25.9 ± 7.4 | −6.8 ± 3.7 | −7.5 ± 3.9 | −5.1 ± 2.3 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
LV-PGLS (%) | −22.7 ± 3.5 | −15.6 ± 4.9 | −15.5 ± 4.4 | −15.8 ± 6.1 | 0.00 | 0.86 |