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Table 3 Clinical, laboratory, functional capacity, echocardiographic and right heart catheterization data on patients with cLVD, dLVD and overt LVF

From: A novel echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction score can identify hemodynamic severity profiles in left ventricular dysfunction

 

Post hoc analysisa

Variable

cLVD (n = 42)

dLVD (n = 25)

LVF (n = 33)

Overall p

cLVD vs dLVD

cLVD vs LVF

dLVD vs LVF

Clinical

 Age (years)

53 ± 13

54 ± 15

55 ± 14

0.70

-

-

-

 Gender (male, %)

71

83

79

0.85

-

-

-

 Dilated cardiomyopathy (%)

71

44

73

0.33

-

-

-

 Ischemic heart disease (%)

19

48

18

0.045

0.08

1.0

0.07

 Previous cardiac surgery (%)

5

16

9

0.35

-

-

-

 Rales (%)

8

22

45

0.045

1.0

0.036

0.54

 Edema (%)

21

18

35

0.55

-

-

-

Laboratory

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

140 ± 17

130 ± 13

137 ± 16

0.047

0.04

1.00

0.34

 Creatinine (mmol/L)

95 (80; 129)

92 (84; 140)

125 (103; 143)

0.012

1.0

0.02

0.052

 Bilirubin (µmol/L)

8.1 (6.0; 10.6)

12.0 (6.1; 18)

14 (12; 21.5)

 < 0.001

0.46

 < 0.001

0.058

 NT-proBNP (ng/L)

1120 (571; 2155)

1980 (1280; 3690)

5040 (3340; 8395)

 < 0.001

0.09

 < 0.001

0.009

Functional capacity

 NYHA group 3–4 (%)

58

88

97

0.15

-

-

-

 Ergo (W)

90 (76; 120)

90 (74; 109)

65 (53; 85)

0.001

1.0

0.001

0.02

 Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min)

14 (12;18)

14 (11;17)

12 (9–13)

0.002

0.71

0.002

0.11

LV/LA dimension

 LV end-diastolic volume index (ml/m2)

85 (59; 112)

105 (92; 130)

109 (85; 141)

0.009

0.04

0.02

1.0

 Left atrial volume index (ml/m2)

41 (33; 54)

62 (50; 68)

62 (51; 83)

 < 0.001

0.001

 < 0.001

1.0

LV function

 LV ejection fraction (%)

32 (25; 40)

25 (20; 32)

21 (17; 27)

 < 0.001

0.09

 < 0.001

0.36

 LV global longitudinal strain (%)

-8.1 (-10.8; -6.1)

-6.5 (-9.0; -5.1)

-5.5 (-6.6; -2.6)

0.001

0.33

0.001

0.18

 Doppler CI (L/min/ m2)

2.0 (1.8; 2.4)

1.8 (1.5; 2.1)

1.6 (1.1; 1.9)

0.001

0.27

 < 0.001

0.23

 Proportion with CI < 1.9 L/min/ m2 (%)

28

56

76

0.015

0.11

 < 0.001

0.48

 E/E’

12.1 (7.7; 17.8)

16.8 (13; 19.6)

16.3 (13.5; 21.3)

0.03

0.08

0.08

1.0

 Increased left atrial pressureb (%)

37

90

92

0.028

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.0

 Mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate (%)

21

28

58

0.024

1.0

0.005

0.10

Right heart catheterization

 Heart rate

66 ± 11

73 ± 10

76 ± 12

0.002

0.71

0.002

0.16

 MSAP (mmHg)

74 ± 14

73 ± 10

71 ± 8

0.96

-

-

-

 Pulse pressure (mmHg)

50 ± 15

47 ± 18

40 ± 13

0.013

0.42

0.010

0.42

 Right atrial pressure (mmHg)

2 (1; 4)

5 (3; 8)

11 (9; 14)

 < 0.001

0.008

 < 0.001

0.002

 Right atrial pressure ≥ 10 mmHg (%)

2

12

67

 < 0.001

0.42

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 SPAP (mmHg)

26 ± 7

42 ± 9

49 ± 9

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.20

 MPAP (mmHg)

15 ± 5

28 ± 6

34 ± 6

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.10

 PCWP (mmHg)

6 (4; 10)

18 (16; 21)

23 (20; 25)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.08

 Right atrial pressure/PCWP

0.31 (0.08; 0.50)

0.29 (0.15; 0.41)

0.48 (0.34; 0.65)

 < 0.001

1.0

0.002

0.001

 Stroke volume index (mL/m2)

39 ± 8

33 ± 8

25 ± 7

 < 0.001

0.053

 < 0.001

0.002

 Cardiac index (L/min/m2)

2.7 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

0.23

 < 0.001

0.016

 SaO2 (%)

95 ± 2

95 ± 2

94 ± 3

0.08

-

-

-

 SvO2 (%)

70 ± 5

65 ± 4

52 ± 5

 < 0.001

0.02

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 PVR (Wood units)

1.6 (1.2; 1.9)

1.9 (1.2; 2.4)

2.4 (1.8; 3.3)

 < 0.001

0.35

 < 0.001

0.08

RV/RA dimension

 RVD1 (mm)

42 ± 8

47 ± 10

50 ± 6

 < 0.001

0.13

 < 0.001

0.23

 RVEDA/BSA (cm2/m2)

9.8 ± 2.5

11.4 ± 4.0

12.3 ± 2.8

0.001

0.28

 < 0.001

0.23

 RAAI (cm2/m2)

10.0 ± 3.5

12.3 ± 5.8

13.9 ± 3.6

 < 0.001

0.20

 < 0.001

0.07

RV function

 5-point RVD score

1 (0; 1)

1(1; 3)

3.0 (2; 4)

 < 0.001

0.03

 < 0.001

0.002

 IVC collapsibility (%)

79 (55; 100)

64 (40; 78)

26 (17; 39)

 < 0.001

0.21

 < 0.001

0.004

 S’ velocity (cm/s)

9 (8; 11)

8 (7; 10)

8 (6; 9)

0.12

-

-

-

 Tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate (%)

7

16

45

0.0015

1.0

 < 0.001

0.03

  1. Bold represents significant p value
  2. Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (IQR 25%;75%), or numbers and percent as appropriate. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant
  3. BSA Body surface area, cLVD Compensated left ventricular dysfunction, dLVD decompensated left ventricular dysfunction, E/E’ ratio between early diastolic blood pool and annular velocity, Ergo Ergospirometry work load, GLVStr Global left ventricular strain, LVEDVI Left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area, LV Left ventricle, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVF Left ventricular failure, MR Mitral regurgitation, MSAP Mean systemic arterial pressure, MPAP Mean pulmonary artery pressure, NYHA New York Heart Association class, PA Pulmonary artery, PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PVR Pulmonary vascular resistance, RAAI Right atrial area index, RVEDA Right ventricular area in diastole, RVD1 Right ventricular inflow diameter, RVD Right ventricular dysfunction, S’ peak systolic tissue velocity, SvO2 mixed venous oxygen saturation, VO2 maximal oxygen consumption
  4. aPost-hoc analysis significance values have been adjusted by the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests
  5. bIncreased left atrial pressure using the proposed algorithm by the American Society of Echocardiography
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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

ISSN: 1476-7120

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