Stein PD, Kayali F, Olson RE: Estimated case fatality rate of pulmonary embolism, 1979 to 1998. Am J Cardiol. 2004, 93: 1197-1199. 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.01.058.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ng AC, Chung T, Yong AS, Wong HS, Chow V, Celermajer DS, Kritharides L: Long-term cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality of 1023 patients with confirmed acute pulmonary embolism. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011, 4: 122-128. 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.958397.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jimenez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, Gomez V, Lobo JL, Uresandi F, Otero R, Monreal M, Muriel A, Yusen RD: Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2010, 170: 1383-1389. 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.199.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aujesky D, Roy PM, Le Manach CP, Verschuren F, Meyer G, Obrosky DS, Stone RA, Cornuz J, Fine MJ: Validation of a model to predict adverse outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2006, 27: 476-481.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wicki J, Perrier A, Perneger TV, Bounameaux H, Junod AF: Predicting adverse outcome in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a risk score. Thromb Haemost. 2000, 84: 548-552.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, Agnelli G, Galie N, Pruszczyk P, Bengel F, Brady AJ, Ferreira D, Janssens U: Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the task force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the european society of cardiology (esc). Eur Heart J. 2008, 29: 2276-2315.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jaff MR, McMurtry MS, Archer SL, Cushman M, Goldenberg N, Goldhaber SZ, Jenkins JS, Kline JA, Michaels AD, Thistlethwaite P: Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011, 123: 1788-1830. 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214914f.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sanchez O, Trinquart L, Colombet I, Durieux P, Huisman MV, Chatellier G, Meyer G: Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with haemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Eur Heart J. 2008, 29: 1569-1577. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn208.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pengo V, Lensing AW, Prins MH, Marchiori A, Davidson BL, Tiozzo F, Albanese P, Biasiolo A, Pegoraro C, Iliceto S, Prandoni P: Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350: 2257-2264. 10.1056/NEJMoa032274.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Becattini C, Vedovati MC, Agnelli G: Prognostic value of troponins in acute pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 2007, 116: 427-433. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.680421.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spencer FA, Gore JM, Lessard D, Douketis JD, Emery C, Goldberg RJ: Patient outcomes after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: the Worcester Venous Thromboembolism study. Arch Intern Med. 2008, 168: 425-430. 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.69.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ng AC, Chow V, Yong AS, Chung T, Kritharides L: Prognostic impact of the charlson comorbidity index on mortality following acute pulmonary embolism. Respiration. 2013, 85 (5): 408-16. 10.1159/000342024.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ng AC, Yong AS, Chow V, Chung T, Freedman SB, Kritharides L: Cardiac troponin-T and the prediction of acute and long-term mortality after acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiol. 2011, 165 (1): 126-33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klok FA, Zondag W, van Kralingen KW, van Dijk AP, Tamsma JT, Heyning FH, Vliegen HW, Huisman MV: Patient outcomes after acute pulmonary embolism. A pooled survival analysis of different adverse events. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010, 181: 501-506. 10.1164/rccm.200907-1141OC.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Galie N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, Barbera JA, Beghetti M, Corris P, Gaine S, Gibbs JS: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2009, 30: 2493-2537.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McLaughlin VV, Archer SL, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Farber HW, Lindner JR, Mathier MA, McGoon MD, Park MH, Rosenson RS: ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension a report of the american college of cardiology foundation task force on expert consensus documents and the american heart association developed in collaboration with the american college of chest physicians; american thoracic society, Inc.; and the pulmonary hypertension association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009, 53: 1573-1619. 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.004.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aviram G, Steinvil A, Berliner S, Rosen G, Sosna J, Man A, Keren G, Rogowski O: The association between the embolic load and atrial size in acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2011, 9: 293-299. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04130.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chung T, Emmett L, Khoury V, Lau GT, Elsik M, Foo F, Allman KC, Kritharides L: Atrial and ventricular echocardiographic correlates of the extent of pulmonary embolism in the elderly. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006, 19: 347-353. 10.1016/j.echo.2005.09.012.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chung T, Emmett L, Mansberg R, Peters M, Kritharides L: Natural history of right ventricular dysfunction after acute pulmonary embolism. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007, 20: 885-894. 10.1016/j.echo.2006.12.005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR: A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987, 40: 373-383. 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, Roman MJ, Seward J, Shanewise JS: Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the american society of Echocardiography’s guidelines and standards committee and the chamber quantification writing group, developed in conjunction with the european association of echocardiography, a branch of the european society of cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005, 18: 1440-1463. 10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McConnell MV, Solomon SD, Rayan ME, Come PC, Goldhaber SZ, Lee RT: Regional right ventricular dysfunction detected by echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 1996, 78: 469-473. 10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00339-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller D, Farah MG, Liner A, Fox K, Schluchter M, Hoit BD: The relation between quantitative right ventricular ejection fraction and indices of tricuspid annular motion and myocardial performance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004, 17: 443-447. 10.1016/j.echo.2004.01.010.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, Solomon SD, Louie EK, Schiller NB: Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010, 23: 685-713. 10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010. quiz 786–688
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Righini M, Roy PM, Meyer G, Verschuren F, Aujesky D, Le Gal G: The Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI): validation of a clinical prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2011, 9: 2115-2117. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04469.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Venetz C, Jimenez D, Mean M, Aujesky D: A comparison of the original and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index. Thromb Haemost. 2011, 106: 423-428. 10.1160/TH11-04-0263.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sundararajan V, Henderson T, Perry C, Muggivan A, Quan H, Ghali WA: New ICD-10 version of the Charlson comorbidity index predicted in-hospital mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004, 57: 1288-1294. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.03.012.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daskivich TJ, Chamie K, Kwan L, Labo J, Palvolgyi R, Dash A, Greenfield S, Litwin MS: Overtreatment of men with low-risk prostate cancer and significant comorbidity. Cancer. 2011, 117: 2058-2066. 10.1002/cncr.25751.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rochon PA, Anderson GM, Tu JV, Clark JP, Gurwitz JH, Szalai JP, Lau P: Use of beta-blocker therapy in older patients after acute myocardial infarction in Ontario. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1999, 161: 1403-1408.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kukulski T, Hubbert L, Arnold M, Wranne B, Hatle L, Sutherland GR: Normal regional right ventricular function and its change with age: a Doppler myocardial imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2000, 13: 194-204.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kjaergaard J, Sogaard P, Hassager C: Right ventricular strain in pulmonary embolism by Doppler tissue echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004, 17: 1210-1212. 10.1016/j.echo.2004.06.026.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quiroz R, Kucher N, Schoepf UJ, Kipfmueller F, Solomon SD, Costello P, Goldhaber SZ: Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2004, 109: 2401-2404. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000129302.90476.BC.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schoepf UJ, Kucher N, Kipfmueller F, Quiroz R, Costello P, Goldhaber SZ: Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: a predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2004, 110: 3276-3280. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000147612.59751.4C.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van der Meer RW, Pattynama PM, van Strijen MJ, van den Berg-Huijsmans AA, Hartmann IJ, Putter H, de Roos A, Huisman MV: Right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary obstruction index at helical CT: prediction of clinical outcome during 3-month follow-up in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Radiology. 2005, 235: 798-803. 10.1148/radiol.2353040593.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
ten Wolde M, Sohne M, Quak E, Mac Gillavry MR, Buller HR: Prognostic value of echocardiographically assessed right ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2004, 164: 1685-1689. 10.1001/archinte.164.15.1685.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Park JR, Chang SA, Jang SY, No HJ, Park SJ, Choi SH, Park SW, Kim H, Choe YH, Lee KS: Evaluation of right ventricular dysfunction and prediction of clinical outcomes in acute pulmonary embolism by chest computed tomography: comparisons with echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012, 28: 979-987. 10.1007/s10554-011-9912-4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumamaru KK, Lu MT, Ghaderi Niri S, Hunsaker AR: Right ventricular enlargement in acute pulmonary embolism derived from CT pulmonary angiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012, 28 (4): 965-73. 10.1007/s10554-011-9903-5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Araoz PA, Gotway MB, Trowbridge RL, Bailey RA, Auerbach AD, Reddy GP, Dawn SK, Webb WR, Higgins CB: Helical CT pulmonary angiography predictors of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. J Thorac Imaging. 2003, 18: 207-216. 10.1097/00005382-200310000-00001.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Araoz PA, Gotway MB, Harrington JR, Harmsen WS, Mandrekar JN: Pulmonary embolism: prognostic CT findings. Radiology. 2007, 242: 889-897. 10.1148/radiol.2423051441.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
He H, Stein MW, Zalta B, Haramati LB: Computed tomography evaluation of right heart dysfunction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2006, 30: 262-266. 10.1097/00004728-200603000-00018.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kelly NF, Walters DL, Hourigan LA, Burstow DJ, Scalia GM: The relative atrial index (RAI)–a novel, simple, reliable, and robust transthoracic echocardiographic indicator of atrial defects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010, 23: 275-281. 10.1016/j.echo.2009.11.014.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hama Y, Yakushiji T, Iwasaki Y, Kaji T, Isomura N, Kusano S: Small left atrium: an adjunctive sign of hemodynamically compromised massive pulmonary embolism. Yonsei Med J. 2005, 46: 733-736. 10.3349/ymj.2005.46.5.733.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ocak I, Fuhrman C: CT angiography findings of the left atrium and right ventricle in patients with massive pulmonary embolism. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008, 191: 1072-1076. 10.2214/AJR.07.3715.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clarke B, Howlett J, Sapp J, Andreou P, Parkash R: The effect of comorbidity on the competing risk of sudden and nonsudden death in an ambulatory heart failure population. Can J Cardiol. 2011, 27: 254-261. 10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.053.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sy RW, Chawantanpipat C, Richmond DR, Kritharides L: Development and validation of a time-dependent risk model for predicting mortality in infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2011, 32: 2016-2026. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp085.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Albertsen PC, Moore DF, Shih W, Lin Y, Li H, Lu-Yao GL: Impact of comorbidity on survival among men with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011, 29: 1335-1341. 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.2330.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’Fallon WM, Melton LJ: Predictors of survival after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based, cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 1999, 159: 445-453. 10.1001/archinte.159.5.445.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klok FA, van Kralingen KW, van Dijk AP, Heyning FH, Vliegen HW, Huisman MV: Prevalence and potential determinants of exertional dyspnea after acute pulmonary embolism. Respir Med. 2010, 104: 1744-1749. 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.06.006.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar