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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

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Acute hemodynamic effect of inhaled iloprost in pulmonary artery hypertension evaluated with echocardiography

  • Maria José Loureiro1Email author,
  • Carlos Cotrim1,
  • Otília Simões1,
  • Rita Miranda1,
  • Pedro Cordeiro1 and
  • Manuel Carrageta1
Cardiovascular Ultrasound20075:41

https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-5-41

©  Loureiro et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2007

Received: 25 October 2007

Accepted: 21 November 2007

Published: 21 November 2007

Open Peer Review reports

Abstract

Doppler echocardiography is useful in the initial evaluation and long-term follow-up of patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Aerosolised iloprost has been shown to reduce pulmonary pressure immediately after inhalation. We report the echocardiographic findings in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension, before and after the inhalation of aerosolized iloprost. These findings illustrate the acute influence of iloprost in right and left ventricular hemodynamics and morphology. These findings were reproduced in subsequent echocardiographic evaluations.

Keywords

Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionDoppler EchocardiographyIloprostPulmonary Artery HypertensionSevere Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction

Doppler echocardiography is useful in the initial evaluation and long-term follow-up of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension [1, 2].

Case presentation

A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension since she was eleven, responsive to calcium channel blockers, was referred for Cardiology consultation at 23 weeks pregnancy. She was on nifedipine and fraxiparine and Doppler echocardiography revealed a dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle and a peak tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of 5.3 ms-1 with estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of 122 mmHg. She was then started on 5.0 μg of nebulized iloprost six times per day. At the 29th week of pregnancy Doppler echocardiography was repeated before and immediately after a single dose of 5 μg of iloprost. Postinhalation acute assessment revealed not only a remarkable reduction in RVSP but also an impressive change in cardiac morphology as is evident from figures 1, 2 and 3 and from two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography video clips (see Additional files 1, 2, 3 and 4). These findings were reproduced in subsequent echocardiographic evaluations and illustrate the acute hemodynamic effects of iloprost nebulization in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension.
Figure 1
Figure 1

Transthoracic echocardiogram showing left ventricle long and short axis views before iloprost nebulization. This echocardiography reveals the severe right ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy. As the right ventricle undergoes dilation and hypertrophy, its crescentic shape is lost and the septum shifts leftward compressing the left ventricle. This septum shift leads to a proportional reduction in left ventricular dimension and impaired left ventricular systolic performance.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Transthoracic echocardiogram showing left ventricle long and short axis views after iloprost nebulization. In the echocardiographic evaluation after iloprost administration we can detect a reduction in right ventricular dimension, with a proportional increase in left ventricular dimension and performance. The correction of the septal shift secondary to right ventricular overload also contributes to a smaller right ventricle and expanded left ventricle.

Figure 3
Figure 3

M-mode tracing at the left ventricular level before (left) and after (right) iloprost nebulization. On the left hand side this short axis M-mode tracing shows the diastolic intraventricular septal shifting toward the left ventricle, leading to its marked underfilling. On the right hand side of the figure we can observe the correction of the septal shift after iloprost nebulization.

Additional file 3: Three-dimensional parasternal view before iloprost inhalation. Three-dimensional parasternal long axis view before iloprost inhalation showing a small left ventricle with increased eccentricity index. (AVI 9 MB)

Additional file 4: Three-dimensional parasternal view after iloprost inhalation. Three-dimensional parasternal long axis view after iloprost inhalation showing near normal morphology of both ventricles. (AVI 8 MB)

Conclusion

The findings that we describe showed the potential utility of echocardiography in the evaluation of the acute effects of drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Declarations

Acknowledgements

Written informed consent was obtained for publication from the patient.

Authors’ Affiliations

(1)
Cardiology Department, Garcia de Orta Hospital, Almada, Portugal

References

  1. Bossone E, Bodini B, Mazza A, Allegra L: Pulmonary arterial hypertension. The key role of echocardiography. Chest. 2005, 127: 1836-1843. 10.1378/chest.127.5.1836.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Burgess M, Bright-Thomas R, Ray S: Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function. Eur J Echocardiography. 2002, 3: 252-262.Google Scholar

Copyright

© Loureiro et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2007

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

ISSN: 1476-7120

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